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Environmental Ethics: Deep Ecology

The Eight Point Platform of Deep Ecology

1.  The well-being and flourishing of human and non-human life on Earth have value in themselves.  These values are independent of the usefulness of the non-human world for human purposes.

2. Richness and diversity of life forms contribute to the realization of those values and are also values in themselves.

3. Humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs.

4. The flourishing of human life and cultures is compatible with a substantially smaller human population.  The flourishing of non-human life requires a smaller human population.

5. Present human interference with the non-human world is excessive, and the situation is rapidly worsening.

6. Policies must therefore be changed.  These policies affect basic economic, technological, and ideological structures.  The resulting state of affairs will be deeply different from the present.

7. The ideological change will be mainly that of appreciating life's quality (dwelling in situations of inherent value) rather than adhering to an increasingly higher standard of living.  There will be a profound awareness of the difference between bigness and greatness.

8. Those who subscribe to the foregoing points have an obligation directly or indirectly to try to impliment the necessary changes.

--Naess, Arne.  1986. The Deep Ecology Movement: some philosophical aspects.  Philosophical Inquiry, 8: 10-31.